2025 is now projected to be the second or third warmest year on record, surpassed only by 2024, the hottest year so far, when global temperatures reached 1.6°C above pre-industrial levels.
Although the long-term global warming trend so far remains below the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C target, current emission trajectories suggest with relative certainty that we will surpass 1.5°C in the near future.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines the temporary exceedance and return to the 1.5°C as “overshoot”.
Overshoot brings several new governance challenges with it. One of these is the need for even more mitigation actions as emissions must not only be reduced to achieve net-zero but rather net-negativity in order to return to 1.5°C as quickly as possible.
Author summary: Climate change goals need rethinking.