China’s defence white paper sets sights on Southeast Asia

China's Defence White Paper Sets Sights on Southeast Asia

Beijing's 2025 defence white paper outlines a regional vision that challenges the Indo-Pacific strategy and raises difficult choices for Southeast Asia.

On 12 May 2025, China released a new defence white paper: 'China's National Security in the New Era'. This paper adopts a 'holistic' approach to security, considering the latest global developments while also drawing from historical experience.

The 2025 defence white paper clearly defines Beijing's vision and objectives for the 'new era', which denotes the evolution of the Asia Pacific economic construct into a rigid, competitive and security-oriented Indo-Pacific strategy, led by the United States and its allies.

This white paper carries repercussions both locally and globally, with significant implications for Southeast Asian states.

'China's National Security in the New Era'

Author's summary: China's defence white paper challenges the Indo-Pacific strategy.

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East Asia Forum East Asia Forum — 2025-10-13

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