Socrates' Impact on Greek Thought
Socrates' challenge in Euthyphro reshaped Greek thought, placing the Good above the gods and transforming the Homeric tradition.
The philosopher Socrates disrupted the Homeric, poetical understanding of the gods, who acted with freedom, whim, and even bias.
In the ancient Greek tradition, the gods were not merely bearers of Good but also embodied what humans could perceive as “evil.”
- Zeus might favor one hero while Hera favored another.
- Apollo could strike a city with plague and then turn to defend it.
Their decisions were guided not by an objective notion of moral law but by their desires, affections, and quarrels.
The divine world mirrored the human world, magnified in scale and intensity, but this perception changed radically with the Socratic revolution.
Author's summary: Socrates redefined the divine and the good in ancient Greece.
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