In an interview with Decode, public interest technologist Anivar Aravind discusses the implications of Zoho migration on India's digital foundations.
India has shifted its government email from public infrastructure to a private cloud, with around 12 lakh government email accounts moving from NIC to Zoho Mail.
The data now sits on Zoho's private servers rather than government-run data centres.
This change is significant, as NIC previously ran India's digital backbone under state control, with messages and logs staying within government networks.
Author's summary: Zoho migration undermines India's digital sovereignty.